China’s EV market will slow in 2023. That still leaves it ahead.中國的電動汽車市場將在2023年放緩。
這仍然使它保持領先。
Expiring subsidies will weigh on electric-vehicle sales，but China’s strength in EVs will prove durable補貼到期將拖累電動汽車銷售，但中國在電動汽車方面的實力將證明是持久的
譯者：百貝翻譯 www.baibeitrans.com
China’s rip-roaringelectric-vehicle industry電動汽車行業will probably downshift a bit in 2023. But it will remain far and away the largest global market—a fact that gives it formidable advantages in the race to dominate the global EV supply chain.到2023年，中國高速增長的electric-vehicle industry電動汽車行業可能會有所放緩。
但它仍將是全球最大的市場——這一事實使其在主導全球電動汽車供應鏈的競爭中具有強大的優勢。
Sales of new-energy vehicles in China，which include plug-in hybrids，more than doubled from a year earlier in the first 11 months in 2022 to more than 6 million units，according to the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers. Around a quarter of cars sold in the country are now EVs. That makes China the undisputed EV leader: It accounted for more than half of all EVs sold globally in 2022.根據中國汽車工業協會的數據，2022年前11個月，中國新能源汽車《包括插電式混合動力車》的銷量同比增長一倍多，達到600多萬輛。
現在，該國銷售的汽車中約有四分之一是電動汽車。
這使得中國成為無可爭議的電動汽車領導者：它占 2022 年全球銷售的所有電動汽車的一半以上。
EV pioneer Tesla is doing well in China，but many domestic brands have also delivered solid performances—particularly BYD. Wuling Hongguang Mini EV，a small car that starts at around $5,000，has been a surprise winner thanks to its affordable price tag. It is made by a joint venture of General Motors，Liuzhou Wuling Motors and the state-owned SAIC Motor.電動汽車先驅特斯拉在中國表現良好，但許多國產品牌也取得了穩健的表現，尤其是比亞迪。
五菱宏光Mini EV是一款起價約為5，000美元的小型車，憑借其實惠的價格出人意料地成為了贏家。
它由通用汽車、柳州五菱汽車和國有上汽集團合資生產。
New vehicles are parked for ready for export from a dockyard in Yantai in eastern China’s Shandong province on Oct. 13，2022. China’s economic growth accelerated in the latest quarter but still was among the slowest in decades as the country wrestled(AP Newsroom)2022 年 10 月 13 日，中國東部山東省煙臺市的一家碼頭停放新車準備出口。
中國經濟在最近一個季度加速增長，但仍然是幾十年來最慢的增長之一，因為該國正與困難搏鬥(AP Newsroom)
On the higher end，local upstarts such as Nio Inc. and Li Auto have rolled out new models that have outcompeted the offerings of many foreign auto makers，which were late to the EV market. Restrictions on issuing new license plates in China’s major cities have also helped boost EV sales because EVs are exempted.在高端市場，蔚來汽車《Nio Inc.》和理想汽車《Li Auto》等本地新貴推出了新車型，這些車型的競爭力超過了許多外國汽車制造商的產品，這些汽車制造商進入電動汽車市場較晚。
中國主要城市對發放新車牌的限制也有助於促進電動汽車的銷售，因為電動汽車不受限制。
EV sales slowed in recent months owing to the nation’s strict “zero-Covid” policies. Auto makers includingTesla cut prices to attract customers.But sales picked up again slightly in December after the abrupt U-turn in China’s pandemic policies.由於該國嚴格的『零新冠』政策，近幾個月電動汽車銷售放緩。
包括特斯拉在內的汽車制造商降價以吸引客戶。
但在中國疫情政策突然掉頭後，12 月份銷量再次小幅回升。
Unfortunately，that renewed vigor may prove temporary: EV subsidies for purchasers in China will expire at the end of 2022. Many buyers likely brought forward their purchases to take advantage of the subsidies.不幸的是，這種新的活力可能是暫時的：中國購買者的電動汽車補貼將於2022年底到期。
許多買家可能會提前購買以利用補貼。
BYD Rolls Off Its 3 Millionth New Energy Vehicle and Debuts A New Passenger Car Brand Matrix(AP Newsroom)比亞迪推出第300萬輛新能源汽車並推出新的乘用車品牌矩陣(AP Newsroom)
China’s EV subsidies helped kick-start its market，but have gradually been wound down in recent years. And while the end of the zero-Covid policies should eventually provide much-needed support toChina’s economy,the near-term impact of rising Covid-19 cases could hit sentiment hard.中國的電動汽車補貼幫助啟動了其市場，但近年來逐漸減少。
雖然零新冠政策的結束最終應該會為中國經濟提供急需的支持，但新冠病例上升的近期影響可能會嚴重打擊市場情緒。
Intensifying competition has also led to worries about the rapid cash burn of Chinese EV makers. Share prices have plunged in 2022，even more steeply than the broader market.日益激烈的競爭也引發了人們對中國電動汽車制造商快速燒錢的擔憂。
股價在 2022 年暴跌，甚至比大盤還要陡峭。
WITH NEW EVS ARRIVING，BRAND LOYALTY GOES OUT THE WINDOW隨著新電動汽車的到來，品牌忠誠度消失了
Exports，however，have been a bright spot，and one that could prove more durable. China’s new-energy vehicle exports have more than doubled year-over-year in the first 11 months of 2022，according to CAAM data collected by Wind.然而，出口一直是一個亮點，而且可能更持久。
根據Wind收集的CAAM數據，2022年前11個月，中國的新能源汽車出口同比增長了一倍多。
A man wearing a face mask following the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak walks by Tesla Model 3 sedans and Tesla Model X sport utility vehicle at a new Tesla showroom in Shanghai，China May 8，2020. REUTERS/Yilei Sun(Reuters Photos)2020年5月8日，在中國上海的特斯拉新展廳，一名戴著口罩的男子在新冠爆發後走過特斯拉Model 3轎車和特斯拉Model X運動型多功能車。
REUTERS/Yilei Sun(Reuters Photos)
That includes foreign car makers exporting made-in-China EVs to Europe and other parts of the world. Tesla has begun shipping Model 3s and Model Ys to Europe from its Shanghai factory.這包括向歐洲和世界其他地區出口中國制造的電動汽車的外國汽車制造商。
特斯拉已開始從其上海工廠向歐洲運送Model 3和Model Y。
BMW and Renault are also making some EV models in China for export. And Chinese brands are also making some inroads in the export market—especially because many legacy car makers seem to be struggling to make affordable EVs.BMW和雷諾還在中國生產一些EV車型用於出口。
中國品牌也在出口市場取得了一些進展，特別是因為許多傳統汽車制造商似乎正在努力制造負擔得起的電動汽車。
Tesla might start to meet more demand in Europe from its Germany plant，which opened in March. But China’s early lead in the EV market gives it an advantage as the world starts to electrify its auto sector. The country dominates the supply chain for battery materials，and its vast market gives EV makers a more viable path to success.特斯拉可能會開始從3月份開業的德國工廠滿足歐洲的更多需求。
但中國在電動汽車市場的早期領先地位使其在世界開始實現汽車行業電氣化時具有優勢。
該國主導著電池材料的供應鏈，其廣闊的市場為電動汽車制造商提供了一條更可行的成功之路。
China’s EV market will slow further in 2023. But that still，for the most part，puts it miles ahead of the competition.2023年，中國的電動汽車市場將進一步放緩。
但在大多數情況下，這仍然使其領先於競爭對手。
